Comma after the if-clause when it comes first · No will after if: if it rains · In advice use were with I: If I were you
A2
If + present: facts and instructions
New
Use if + present simple with a present simple or an imperative in the main clause for things that are always true and for instructions.If + present simple, а в головній частині present simple або наказовий спосіб — для того, що завжди правда, і для інструкцій.
If you heat ice, it melts. Якщо нагріти лід, він тане.
If you feel cold, put on a jacket. Якщо тобі холодно, одягни куртку.
If you will heat ice, it melts.
If you heat ice, it melts.
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If my brother up late, he feels terrible.
stays With he use the present simple: stays.
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If she late, she calls me.
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If she feel sick, she stays at home.
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B1
First conditional: likely future
New
Use if + present simple, will + base verb for a real possibility in the future. After if use the present, not will.If + present simple, will + базова форма — реальна можливість у майбутньому. Після if ставимо теперішній час, а не will.
If+subject+present simple+will + base verb
If it rains, we will stay at home. Якщо піде дощ, ми залишимося вдома.
I won't go out if I feel ill. Я не вийду, якщо почуватимуся погано.
If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
Типова помилка: Українською після «якщо» стоїть майбутній час: «якщо піде дощ». В англійській після if потрібен теперішній: if it rains.
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If he tomorrow, I'll tell him.
comes After if use the present simple; he takes -s.
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If she the bus, she will be late.
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If we hurry, we the train.
will catch The result in the future: will + base verb.
B1
Unless
New
Unless means if … not. Use it with an affirmative verb: the not is already inside unless.Unless означає if … not. Дієслово після нього ставимо в стверджувальній формі: заперечення вже є в самому unless.
Unless+subject+present simple+will + base verb
Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus. Якщо ти не поспішиш, то запізнишся на автобус.
We'll have a picnic unless it rains. Ми влаштуємо пікнік, якщо не буде дощу.
Unless you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.
Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus.
Типова помилка: Українське «якщо не» підштовхує додати not. Після unless заперечення не потрібне: unless you hurry, а не unless you don't hurry.
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Unless she now, she'll be late.
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Unless the weather better, we'll stay in.
gets After unless use an affirmative present simple.
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I won't go you come with me. (= if you don't come)
B1
Second conditional: imagined situations
New
Use if + past simple, would + base verb for an unreal or unlikely situation now or in the future. The past tense here does not mean past time.If + past simple, would + базова форма — уявна або малоймовірна ситуація зараз чи в майбутньому. Минулий час тут не означає минуле.
If+subject+past simple+would + base verb
If I had more time, I would learn Spanish. Якби в мене було більше часу, я б вивчив іспанську.
She would travel more if she had a car. Вона б більше подорожувала, якби мала машину.
If I would have more time, I would learn Spanish.
If I had more time, I would learn Spanish.
Типова помилка: Українське «якби … я б» має частку «б» в обох частинах. В англійській would стоїть лише в головній частині: if I had, а не if I would have.
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What you do if you lost your phone?
would A question about an imagined situation: What would you do …?
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If I a car, I would drive to work.
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If she has more money, she would buy a car.
B1
If I were you: giving advice
New
Use If I were you, I would … to give advice. Use were, not am or was, in this phrase.If I were you, I would … — порада. У цьому звороті ставимо were, а не am чи was.
If I were you,+I+would + base verb
If I were you, I would see a doctor. На твоєму місці я б пішов до лікаря.
I would take the job if I were you. На твоєму місці я б погодився на цю роботу.
If I would be you, I would see a doctor.
If I were you, I would see a doctor.
Типова помилка: Українське «на твоєму місці я б» — готовий зворот. В англійській він теж готовий: If I were you, а не If I would be you.
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I were you, I would ask for help.
If Advice starts with If I were you.
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I wouldn't wait if I you.
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