DETERMINERS

This, that, these, those

This / these point to things that are near; that / those to things that are far. The word matches the noun: one or many.

This / these — про те, що поруч; that / those — про те, що далеко. Слово узгоджується з іменником: один чи багато.

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	near	far
+	This book is new. / These books are new.	That book is old. / Those books are old.
−	This isn't my bag. / These aren't my bags.	That isn't my bag. / Those aren't my bags.
?	Is this your bag? / Are these your bags?	Is that your bag? / Are those your bags?

One thing: this (near) · that (far) · Many things: these (near) · those (far) · Alone: This is Anna. · Those are mine.

This and these: near

New

Use this for one thing near you and these for more than one thing near you. This — одна річ поруч із вами, these — кілька речей поруч.

this / these+ noun+ is / are

This coffee is hot. Ця кава гаряча.
These shoes are comfortable. Це взуття зручне.

These shoes is comfortable.
These shoes are comfortable.

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is my phone, in my hand.

That and those: far

New

Use that for one thing far from you and those for more than one thing far from you. That — одна річ, яка далеко від вас, those — кілька речей, які далеко.

that / those+ noun+ is / are

That house is very big. Той будинок дуже великий.
Those birds are beautiful. Ті птахи гарні.

Look at that birds.
Look at those birds.

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One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.

That flowers are beautiful.

Match this / that with one noun, these / those with many

New

This and that go with one (singular) noun. These and those go with plural nouns. Never say this books or those book. This і that — з одниною. These і those — з множиною. Не кажіть this books чи those book.

this / that+ one noun+ these / those+ plural noun

This question is easy. Це питання легке.
Those questions are difficult. Ті питання складні.

This books are interesting.
These books are interesting.

Типова помилка: В українській «цей / ця / ці» змінюються за родом і числом, а в англійській лише за числом: this / these.

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Where did you buy bag?

This is / that is: alone, without a noun

New

Use this / that / these / those alone to introduce people or point at things. On the phone, use this for yourself and that for the other person. This / that / these / those можуть стояти без іменника: щоб представити людей або показати на речі. У телефонній розмові this — це ви, that — співрозмовник.

this / that+ is+ name / noun

This is my friend Tom. Це мій друг Том.
Hello, is that Anna? This is Max. Алло, це Анна? Це Макс.

Hello, it is Max speaking.
Hello, this is Max.

Типова помилка: Українською по телефону кажуть «Це Макс», і англійською теж this is, а не it is.

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are my keys, on the table.

This morning, these days, that day

New

Use this / these with the present: this morning, this week, these days. Use that / those for a time in the past: that day, those days. This / these — про теперішній час: this morning, this week, these days. That / those — про минуле: that day, those days.

this / that+ time word

I am very busy this week. Цього тижня я дуже зайнятий.
We were very happy in those days. У ті дні ми були дуже щасливі.

In this days I am very busy.
These days I am very busy.

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Everybody has a phone days.