Short form: I'd left · Short answers: Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't. · One form for every person
B1
Before another past time
New
Use the past perfect for an action that was already finished before another moment in the past.Past perfect вживаємо для дії, яка вже завершилася до іншого моменту в минулому.
subject+had+past participle+by the time / before
By the time we arrived, the film had started. Коли ми прийшли, фільм уже почався.
I couldn't get in because I had lost my key. Я не міг увійти, бо загубив ключ.
By the time I arrived, the shop closed.
By the time I arrived, the shop had closed.
Типова помилка: В українській дієслово в обох частинах стоїть у минулому часі («коли я прийшов, магазин закрився»). В англійській раніша дія потребує had + третьої форми.
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She told me she the film before.
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By the time I woke up, my brother for school.
had left He left before I woke up: past perfect.
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By the time we arrived at the party, everyone home.
B1
Had + past participle
New
The form is had + past participle for every person. After had use the participle, not the past simple.Форма однакова для всіх осіб: had + третя форма дієслова. Після had не вживаємо форму минулого часу.
subject+had+past participle
We had finished our dinner. Ми закінчили вечеряти.
He had never driven a car. Він ніколи не керував машиною.
She had went home.
She had gone home.
Типова помилка: Неправильні дієслова мають окрему третю форму: go — went — gone. Після had потрібна саме gone, а не went.
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One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.
She had went home early.
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She had already to bed.
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She said she had the letter.
written The participle of write is written.
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By then, he had all his money.
spent The participle of spend is spent.
B1
Negatives and questions
New
Make the negative with hadn't and the question by putting had before the subject.Заперечення — hadn't + третя форма, питання — had перед підметом.
Had / hadn't+subject+past participle
I hadn't seen him before. Я не бачив його раніше.
Had you met her before the party? Ти зустрічав її до вечірки?
Did you had finished before he came?
Had you finished before he came?
Типова помилка: Did тут не потрібне: питання й заперечення утворює сам had. Did you had — помилка.
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We were lost because we a map.
hadn't brought Hadn't + past participle.
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She eaten, so she was very hungry.
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you ever been to Spain before that trip?
Had The question starts with had.
B1
Already, never, just
New
Put already, never, ever and just between had and the past participle.Already, never, ever і just ставимо між had і третьою формою дієслова.
subject+had+already / never+past participle
She had already gone. Вона вже пішла.
I had never seen snow before that day. До того дня я ніколи не бачив снігу.
I had been never to London.
I had never been to London.
Типова помилка: Never стоїть перед дієсловом, а не після нього: had never been, а не had been never.
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I had finished when she called.
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They left when we got there.
had already Already goes after had.
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We had yet eaten when they arrived.
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B1
Past perfect or past simple
New
Use the past simple for events told in the order they happened. Use the past perfect only for an earlier event told after a later one.Події в тому порядку, як вони сталися, розповідаємо в past simple. Past perfect — лише для ранішої події, названої після пізнішої.
past simple+because / when+past perfect
I came home, had dinner and went to bed. Я прийшов додому, повечеряв і ліг спати.
I was angry because he had broken my phone. Я розсердився, бо він зламав мій телефон.
I had come home, had a shower and went to bed.
I came home, had a shower and went to bed.
Типова помилка: Не ставте had в кожне речення: past perfect потрібен, лише коли треба показати, що одна дія була раніше за іншу.
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She opened the door and in.
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She the door and walked in.
opened Events in order: past simple.
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He breakfast, brushed his teeth and left.
ate Events in order: past simple.
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First I the dishes, then I watched TV.
B1
If + past perfect
New
To talk about a different past, use if + past perfect and would have + past participle.Щоб розповісти про уявне минуле, вживаємо if + past perfect і would have + третя форма.
If+subject+had + participle+would have + participle
If I had known, I would have helped you. Якби я знав, я б тобі допоміг.
She would have passed if she had studied. Вона б склала іспит, якби вчилася.
If I would have known, I would have helped.
If I had known, I would have helped.
Типова помилка: Після if не ставимо would: If I had known, а не If I would have known.
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If it , we would have stayed home.
had rained The if-clause uses the past perfect.
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He would have come if he about the party.
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