Prepositions link a noun, a pronoun or an -ing verb to the rest of the sentence. They show time, place and movement, and many words need a fixed one.
Прийменники пов'язують іменник, займенник або дієслово з -ing з рештою речення. Вони вказують на час, місце й рух, а багато слів вимагають певного прийменника.
Movement: go to school · go home (no to) · Fixed: good at, interested in, afraid of, wait for · After a preposition: -ing
A1
At, on and in for time
New
Use at for clock times and night, on for days and dates, and in for months, years, seasons and parts of the day.At — для точного часу (at 9:00, at night), on — для днів і дат (on Monday, on 5 May), in — для місяців, років, пір року й частин дня (in July, in 2005, in the morning).
at+clock time+on+day / date+in+month / year
The class starts at nine. Урок починається о дев'ятій.
My birthday is in May, on the tenth. Мій день народження в травні, десятого.
I was born at 2005.
I was born in 2005.
Типова помилка: В українській часто немає прийменника: «у понеділок» — on Monday, але «в понеділок» легко перекласти як in Monday. Для днів завжди on.
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We have English Tuesday.
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We say night.
at We say at night.
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We always travel on summer.
A1
At, in and on for place
New
Use in for inside a space, on for a surface, and at for a point or an event: in the room, on the table, at the station, at a party.In — всередині (in the room, in London), on — на поверхні (on the table, on the wall), at — у точці чи на події (at the bus stop, at school, at a party).
in+room / city+on+surface+at+point / event
The keys are on the table. Ключі на столі.
We met at the station. Ми зустрілися на вокзалі.
She lives on London.
She lives in London.
Типова помилка: Українське «на» перекладається по-різному: на столі — on the table, на вокзалі — at the station, на вечірці — at a party, у місті — in the city.
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The cat is the box.
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The milk is the fridge.
in Inside: in.
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She is the party.
at Events: at.
A2
To, into, from and no preposition
New
Use to for the place you go, from for where you start, and into for going inside. Do not use to with home, here or there: go home, not go to home.To — місце, куди ви йдете; from — звідки; into — всередину. Перед home, here, there to не ставимо: go home.
go+to+place+go+home
We go to the beach on Sundays. У неділю ми ходимо на пляж.
She came home late. Вона прийшла додому пізно.
I went to home.
I went home.
Типова помилка: Українське «додому» — одне слово, тому легко додати to: went to home. Перед home прийменник не потрібен. Також arrive at / in, а не arrive to.
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Let's go .
home Go home: no preposition.
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She went at six.
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We got to home at nine.
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He is Spain. He comes from Madrid.
A2
Words with fixed prepositions
New
Many adjectives and verbs need one particular preposition: good at, interested in, afraid of, listen to, wait for. Learn them together.Багато прикметників і дієслів потребують певного прийменника: good at, interested in, afraid of, listen to, wait for. Їх треба вчити разом зі словом.
interested+in+good+at+listen+to
I'm interested in music. Мене цікавить музика.
She is good at maths. Вона добра з математики.
I'm interested on history.
I'm interested in history.
Типова помилка: Українські прийменники рідко збігаються з англійськими: «цікавитися чимось» — interested in, «чекати когось» — wait for, «слухати когось» — listen to, без прийменника не кажемо.
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He is good football.
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She is very good in tennis.
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Please listen me.
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A2
Preposition + -ing
New
After a preposition, a verb takes the -ing form: thinking about, good at cooking, before leaving. Never use to + base verb after a preposition.Після прийменника дієслово має форму з -ing: thinking about, good at cooking, before leaving. Після прийменника не ставимо to + інфінітив.
preposition+verb + -ing
She is good at drawing. Вона добре малює.
Wash your hands before eating. Мийте руки перед їжею.
I'm thinking about to buy a car.
I'm thinking about buying a car.
Типова помилка: В українській після прийменника зазвичай іменник або інфінітив («думаю про те, щоб купити»), тому хочеться to buy. В англійській після прийменника тільки -ing: about buying.
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Brush your teeth before to bed.
going Before + -ing.
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He left without goodbye.
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They are excited about go to the beach.
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I'm good at .
cooking At + -ing.
A2
Preposition at the end of a question
New
In questions with who, what and where, the preposition often goes at the end: Who are you talking to? What is it made of? Do not leave it out.У питаннях з who, what, where прийменник часто стоїть у кінці: Who are you talking to? What is it made of? Прийменник не можна пропускати.
question word+auxiliary+subject+verb+preposition
Who are you waiting for? Кого ти чекаєш?
What are you looking at? На що ти дивишся?
Who are you waiting?
Who are you waiting for?
Типова помилка: В українській прийменник стоїть перед питальним словом («На кого ти дивишся?»), в англійській — у кінці: Who are you looking at? Пропуск прийменника: Who are you waiting?, — помилка.