Quantifiers tell how much or how many: some, any, much, many, a few, a little, enough. Which one fits depends on the noun — countable (books) or uncountable (water).
Квантифікатори показують, скільки чогось: some, any, much, many, a few, a little, enough. Вибір залежить від іменника — злічуваного (books) чи незлічуваного (water).
many / a few: only with plural nouns · much / a little: only with uncountable nouns · a lot of, some, any, enough: with both
A1
Some and any
New
Use some in positive sentences and any in negatives and most questions. Use some in offers and requests.Some — у ствердженнях, any — у запереченнях і питаннях. У пропозиціях і проханнях теж some.
subject+verb+some / any+noun
I have some apples. У мене є кілька яблук.
We don't have any milk. У нас немає молока.
I don't have some money.
I don't have any money.
Типова помилка: В українській подвійне заперечення («немає ніякого молока») правильне. В англійській друге заперечення зайве: I don't have any milk, а не I don't have no milk.
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Would you like tea?
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Do you have brothers?
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I don't have some time today.
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She doesn't have no money.
A2
Much, many and a lot of
New
Use many with plural nouns and much with uncountable nouns, mostly in questions and negatives. In positive sentences use a lot of.Many — зі злічуваними іменниками, much — з незлічуваними. У ствердженнях зазвичай a lot of.
many / much / a lot of+noun
How many books do you have? Скільки в тебе книжок?
I don't have much time. У мене небагато часу.
I don't have many money.
I don't have much money.
Типова помилка: Українське «багато» однакове для всіх іменників, а англійська розрізняє: many friends, але much money і much time.
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There isn't many milk in the fridge.
2/4
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Are there students in your class?
many Students is plural, so use many.
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How water do you drink every day?
4/4
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A2
A few, a little, few and little
New
Use a few with plural nouns and a little with uncountable nouns to mean some. Without a, few and little mean almost none.A few — трохи (зі злічуваними), a little — трохи (з незлічуваними). Без a: few, little — майже немає.
a few / a little+noun
I have a few friends here. У мене тут є кілька друзів.
There is a little milk left. Лишилося трохи молока.
I need a few money.
I need a little money.
Типова помилка: Українські «мало» і «трохи» різняться відтінком, а в англійській — лише словом a: a few friends (є друзі), few friends (майже немає).
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I have questions.
3/4
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There is juice in the bottle.
a little Juice is uncountable, so use a little.
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Add sugar to the tea.
A2
Too much, too many and enough
New
Too much / too many means more than we need; enough means as much as we need. Enough comes before the noun.Too much / too many — більше, ніж потрібно; enough — достатньо. Enough стоїть перед іменником.
too much / too many / enough+noun
There are too many people here. Тут забагато людей.
We have enough chairs for everyone. Стільців вистачає на всіх.
I don't have money enough.
I don't have enough money.
Типова помилка: Українське «достатньо / досить» часто стоїть після іменника («грошей досить»), а enough — перед ним: enough money.
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We have food for the party.
enough Enough goes before the noun, with no of.
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There are cars on this street. It's very noisy.
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There is too many traffic today.
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We have chairs for ten people.
B1
All of, most of and none of
New
Before the, my, this or a pronoun, add of: some of the students, none of them. For people or things in general, no of: most students.Перед the, my, this або займенником додаємо of: some of the students, all of them. Для загального значення of не потрібен: most students.
quantifier+of+the / my / them+noun
Most of the students passed the test. Більшість студентів склали тест.
None of my friends live here. Ніхто з моїх друзів тут не живе.
Most of students came.
Most of the students came.
Типова помилка: В англійській різницю видно в of the: Most students — студенти загалом, Most of the students — конкретна група.
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