Reported speech tells what someone said without quoting them. The tense usually moves one step back, and the pronouns and time words change to fit the new situation.
Непряма мова передає чужі слова без цитування. Час зазвичай зсувається на крок назад, а займенники й слова часу змінюються відповідно до нової ситуації.
Tenses move back: work → worked · is working → was working · has worked / worked → had worked · will → would · can → could · Time words: today → that day · tomorrow → the next day · yesterday → the day before
A2
Say and tell
New
Say is followed by that, with no person after it. Tell needs a person: tell me that.Після say одразу йде that, без особи. Tell потребує особи: tell me that.
Tom+told+me+that he was busy
Tom said that he was busy. Том сказав, що він зайнятий.
Tom told me that he was busy. Том сказав мені, що він зайнятий.
Tom said me that he was busy.
Tom told me that he was busy.
Типова помилка: Українське «сказати» має в англійській два відповідники: say (без особи) і tell (з особою: told me). Не кажіть said me.
Quick Check
1/4
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Tap the words in the order of the sentence.
2/4
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The manager the staff that the office would close.
3/4
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One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.
He told that he was tired.
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He his mother that he would call.
told Before a person we use told.
B1
Moving the tense back
New
When you report words in the past, the verb usually moves one step back: present to past, will to would, can to could.Коли ми переказуємо чужі слова в минулому, дієслово зазвичай зсувається на крок назад: теперішній у минулий, will у would, can у could.
He+said+he+would help
He said he would help us. Він сказав, що допоможе нам.
She said she didn't like coffee. Вона сказала, що не любить каву.
He said he will help us.
He said he would help us.
Типова помилка: В українській час у підрядній частині не змінюється («сказав, що допоможе», «сказала, що не любить»). В англійській після said час зсувається назад: would help, didn't like.
Quick Check
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One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.
She said she doesn't like fish.
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He said he help me tomorrow.
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He said he the film the day before.
had seen Past simple moves back to past perfect.
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Tom said he a new phone.
had bought Present perfect moves back to past perfect.
B1
Pronouns and time words change too
New
Change the pronouns to fit who is speaking now, and change here, today and tomorrow to fit the new time and place.Займенники змінюємо відповідно до того, хто говорить тепер, а here, today, tomorrow — відповідно до нового часу й місця.
Tom+said+he+loved+his job
Tom said that he loved his job. Том сказав, що він любить свою роботу.
She said they would come the next day. Вона сказала, що вони прийдуть наступного дня.
Tom said that I loved my job.
Tom said that he loved his job.
Quick Check
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They said, 'We are late.' → They said were late.
2/4
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One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.
'My sister is ill,' Eva said. Eva said that my sister was ill.
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Put in order
Tap the words in the order of the sentence.
4/4
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She said, 'I'm busy today.' → She said she was busy .
that day Today becomes that day.
B1
Reporting questions
New
Report a yes/no question with if or whether, and a wh- question with the question word. Use normal statement word order, with no do or did.Загальне питання переказуємо з if або whether, спеціальне — зі словом питання. Порядок слів прямий, без do і did.
She+asked+if / where+I+lived
She asked me if I liked tea. Вона запитала, чи я люблю чай.
He asked where I lived. Він запитав, де я живу.
She asked where did I live.
She asked where I lived.
Типова помилка: Українське «чи» в непрямому питанні — це if або whether, а не that: She asked if I liked tea. Після where, what порядок слів прямий: where I lived, а не where did I live.
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She wanted to know I could help her.
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The teacher asked the homework.
if we had done A yes/no question: if + statement order.
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One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.
She asked me if I will come.
4/4
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Anna asked me .
where I worked Statement order, no did: where I worked.
B1
Reporting requests and orders
New
Report a request or an order with ask or tell + a person + to + the base verb.Прохання або наказ переказуємо так: ask або tell + особа + to + дієслово в основній формі.
She+asked+me+to help
The teacher told us to open our books. Вчителька сказала нам відкрити підручники.
She asked me to help her. Вона попросила мене допомогти їй.
He told me close the door.
He told me to close the door.
Типова помилка: Українське «сказав, щоб я закрив» англійською не передаємо через that: he told me to close, а не he told that I close.
Quick Check
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She asked to wait outside.
2/4
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One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.
The teacher told us to sitting down.
3/4
Put in order
Tap the words in the order of the sentence.
4/4
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One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.