a + consonant sound: a book · an + vowel sound: an apple, an hour · a university · No article: plural and uncountable nouns in general (dogs, water)
A1
A or an
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Use a before a consonant sound and an before a vowel sound. The sound counts, not the letter: an hour, a university.Перед приголосним звуком ставимо a, перед голосним — an. Важить звук, а не буква: an hour, a university.
a / an+adjective+noun
She is an engineer. Вона інженерка.
I have a university degree. Я маю університетську освіту.
She is a engineer.
She is an engineer.
Типова помилка: Українською перед професією нічого не стоїть: «вона інженер». Англійською артикль обов'язковий: She is an engineer.
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He studies at university.
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I need umbrella.
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My father is a engineer.
A1
A first, then the
New
Use a / an when you mention something for the first time. Use the when the listener knows which one: it was mentioned before, or there is only one.A / an — коли згадуємо річ уперше. The — коли співрозмовник уже знає, про яку річ ідеться: її вже згадували або вона одна.
a / an + noun+the + same noun
I bought a jacket. The jacket is blue. Я купив куртку. Куртка синя.
Can you open the window, please? Відчиніть, будь ласка, вікно.
I saw a film. A film was very long.
I saw a film. The film was very long.
Типова помилка: Українською різницю між «якась» і «та сама» часто видно лише з контексту. Англійською її показує артикль: a dog — якийсь пес, the dog — той, про якого ми вже говорили.
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We went to a restaurant near our hotel. food was great.
The We know which restaurant, so we know which food: the.
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Can you pass salt, please?
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I met a girl. A girl was very kind.
A1
No article for things in general
New
Do not use a or the with plural and uncountable nouns when you talk about things in general: Dogs are friendly. Water is important.Не ставимо a чи the перед іменниками у множині та незлічуваними, коли говоримо про речі загалом: «Я люблю собак», «Вода дуже важлива».
subject (plural / uncountable)+verb+no article
I like dogs. Я люблю собак.
Water is very important. Вода дуже важлива.
The life is beautiful.
Life is beautiful.
Типова помилка: Артикль потрібен, коли йдеться про конкретну річ: Music is great (музика взагалі), але The music at the party was loud (та музика, що була на вечірці).
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I like coffee. coffee in this café is excellent.
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Vegetarians don't eat .
meat Meat is uncountable and general: no article.
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Children need .
sleep Sleep is uncountable and general: no article.
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No article in fixed expressions
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Some common phrases have no article: go to school, go to bed, at home, at work, by bus, have breakfast. Times of day take the: in the morning, but at night.У сталих виразах артикля немає: go to school, go to bed, at home, by bus, have breakfast. Частини доби мають the: in the morning, але at night.
verb / preposition+no article+noun
I go to school by bus. Я їжджу до школи автобусом.
We have lunch at home. Ми обідаємо вдома.
I go to work by the bus.
I go to work by bus.
Типова помилка: Українське «вранці» не має артикля, а англійське in the morning має. Виняток — at night.
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Children go to at the age of five.
school Go to school is a fixed expression: no article.
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I study in evening.
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She goes to work with bus.
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A2
The with the best and the only one
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Use the with superlatives (the best), ordinals (the first) and things that are one of a kind (the sun, the Earth, the internet).The ставимо перед найвищим ступенем (the best), порядковими числівниками (the first) і речами, які існують в одному екземплярі (the sun, the Earth).
the+best / first / only+noun
She is the best player in the team. Вона найкраща гравчиня в команді.
The sun rises in the east. Сонце сходить на сході.
She is best player in the team.
She is the best player in the team.
Типова помилка: Українське «найкращий» не потребує слова перед собою, а англійське потребує the: the best, the most interesting.
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Astronauts can see from space.
the Earth There is only one Earth: the Earth.
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She is best singer in our school.
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sun is very bright today.
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B1
Another and the other
New
Use another with a singular noun for one more or a different one. Use the other for the second of two things.Another + однина — ще один або інший. The other — другий із двох.
another+singular noun
Can I have another cup of tea? Можна мені ще одну чашку чаю?
One shoe is here, but where is the other? Один черевик тут, а де другий?
Can I have the another cup of tea?
Can I have another cup of tea?
Типова помилка: Another — одне слово: не «an other» і не «the another».
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I'm learning English. Now I want to learn language.
another One more language: another, never the another.
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I've finished my pizza. Can I have slice?
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