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← Grammar reference

MODALITY

Be able to, be allowed to, be supposed to

Be + able / allowed / supposed + to + base verb. Be changes with the person and the tense, and the verb after to stays in the base form.

presentpast
+I am able to swimI was able to swim
−She isn't able to comeShe wasn't able to come
?Are you able to help?Were you able to find it?

Future and after modals: I will be able to go · Same pattern: be allowed to, be supposed to · Can has no future or to-form: not will can

A2

Will / modal + be able to

New

Can has no future form and no to-form. After will, other modals and to, use be able to.

I+ will be able to+ base verb

  • I will be able to help you tomorrow.
  • She might be able to join us later.
  • I will can help you tomorrow.
  • I will be able to help you tomorrow.

Quick Check

1/4

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One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.

I hope to can travel next year.

B1

Was / were able to for one success

New

Use was / were able to for something you managed to do on one occasion. Use could for general ability in the past.

subject+ was / were able to+ base verb

  • I was able to finish the report on time.
  • They were able to get tickets for the concert.
  • Yesterday I could finish all my work.
  • Yesterday I was able to finish all my work.

Quick Check

1/4

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One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.

Last night I could finish the whole book.

B1

Be allowed to

New

Use am / is / are / was / were allowed to to say what the rules let you do or not do.

subject+ be allowed to+ base verb

  • We are allowed to use our phones in the break.
  • Children weren't allowed to enter the room.
  • We allowed to park here.
  • We are allowed to park here.

Quick Check

1/4

Type the answer

Are we to take photos?

B1

Be supposed to

New

Use am / is / are supposed to for what should happen by rule or plan. Was / were supposed to means it was planned but did not happen.

subject+ be supposed to+ base verb

  • The film is supposed to start at eight.
  • I was supposed to call her, but I forgot.
  • The bus suppose to come at nine.
  • The bus is supposed to come at nine.

Quick Check

1/4

Type the answer

One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.

The meeting is suppose to start at ten.