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← Grammar reference

PAST

Past perfect continuous

Had been + verb-ing. Use it for an action that had been going on before a moment in the past.

I / you / he / she / it / we / they
+I had been working
−I hadn't been working
?Had you been working?

Short form: I'd been working · Short answers: Yes, I had. / No, I hadn't. · One form for every person

B1

Had been + -ing

New

Always use had been + verb-ing, for every person. Had goes before the subject in questions.

subject+ had been+ verb-ing

  • We had been walking for hours.
  • Had you been waiting long?
  • They had been wait for an hour.
  • They had been waiting for an hour.

Quick Check

1/4

Type the answer

One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.

She had be working there for a year.

B1

How long before a past moment

New

Use it with for or since to say how long something had been happening before a point in the past.

subject+ had been+ verb-ing+ for / since+ time

  • I had been waiting for an hour when the bus arrived.
  • It had been raining since morning, so the field was wet.
  • I have been waiting for an hour when the bus arrived.
  • I had been waiting for an hour when the bus arrived.

Quick Check

1/4

Type the answer

It had been raining the morning, so the field was wet.

B1

The cause of a past situation

New

Use it to explain a past situation by an activity that had just been happening.

situation+ because+ subject+ had been+ verb-ing

  • Her eyes were red because she had been crying.
  • He was out of breath because he had been running.
  • She was tired because she has been running.
  • She was tired because she had been running.

Quick Check

1/4

Choose the form

Her eyes were red because she   crying.

B1

No continuous with state verbs

New

Verbs of knowing, owning and feeling stay in the past perfect simple: had known, not had been knowing.

subject+ had+ known / owned / liked

  • I had known her for years before we met in person.
  • They had owned a small shop for a long time.
  • I had been knowing him for ten years.
  • I had known him for ten years.

Quick Check

1/4

Type the answer

We had each other for a long time.