CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunctions: and, but, because, although

Conjunctions join words and clauses: and adds, but contrasts, or gives a choice, because gives a reason and so gives a result.

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	conjunction	meaning	example
+	and / but / or	add / contrast / choice	I like tea and coffee, but not milk.
−	because / so	reason / result	I didn't go out because it was raining.
?	when / before / after	time	What do you do when you are tired?

Comma before but / so in a long sentence · Although + clause, clause (not although … but) · because answers Why? · so gives the result

And, but, or

New

Use and to add, but to show a contrast and or to give a choice.

clause+ and / but / or+ clause

I like tea, but I don't like coffee.
Do you want tea or coffee?

I like pizza, or I don't like pasta.
I like pizza, but I don't like pasta.

Quick Check

1/4

Type the answer

One word is in the wrong form. Type the correct form.

Do you prefer tea and coffee?

Because and so: reason and result

New

Because introduces the reason. So introduces the result. Do not use both in one sentence.

reason+ because+ result+ so

I stayed at home because it was raining.
It was raining, so I stayed at home.

I stayed at home so it was raining.
I stayed at home because it was raining.

Quick Check

1/4

Put in order

Tap the words in the order of the sentence.

When, before, after, while

New

Use when for a moment, before / after for the order of events and while for two actions at the same time.

when / before / after / while+ subject+ verb

I always brush my teeth before I go to bed.
She was cooking while he was reading.

I brush my teeth after to eat.
I brush my teeth after I eat.

Quick Check

1/4

Put in order

Tap the words in the order of the sentence.

Although: two ideas that surprise

New

Use although + clause for a surprising contrast. Do not add but in the same sentence.

Although+ subject+ verb+ subject+ verb

Although it was cold, we went swimming.
She passed the test although she didn't study.

Although it was cold, but we went out.
Although it was cold, we went out.

Quick Check

1/4

Type the answer

he is rich, he is not happy.

Both … and, either … or

New

Use both … and for two things together, either … or for one of two choices and neither … nor for none of two.

both+ A+ and+ B

She speaks both English and French.
You can either call me or send a message.

She speaks both English or French.
She speaks both English and French.

Quick Check

1/4

Put in order

Tap the words in the order of the sentence.